“Socialist Realist Genealogies, Retributions, and Retrospections.” In Was Socialist Realism Global? Modernism, Socmodernism, Socially Engaged Figuration, edited by Magda Lipska and Piotr Słodkowski (Warsaw: Museum of Modern Art, 2024).
This essay, which serves as the introduction to the first part of the volume, traces the animosities harbored against Socialist Realism across Eastern Europe before and after 1989, arguing that the period / style should be considered one of the founding paradigms of (modern) art in the region.